HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
01 / 14 · 00:00

Half the new web is machine-written. The next model learns from it.

GENERATION 03,172 words

what the toy model knew

GENERATION 100220 words

after learning only from itself

ILLUSTRATIVE · toy simulation · seed 2026 · not a real LLM

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
02 / 14 · 00:45

A copy of a copy of a copy.

01How much of the web is machine-written — and how was it counted?
02Watch a small model forget, generation by generation.
03Why real labs probably don't crash — and where the real risk is.

حدس بزن: بعد از ۱۰۰ نسل، چند درصد واژه‌ها می‌ماند؟

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
03 / 14 · 01:45

~50% of new English articles are primarily AI-written.

1 YEAR AFTER CHATGPT~1/3

of new articles

SINCE 2024~1/2

and roughly flat since

RANKING IN GOOGLEmostly

human-written

Estimate from AI detectors on Common Crawl samples — not a count · Graphite, May 2026, three detectors averaged

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
04 / 14 · 02:45
~300Ttokens of public human text (90% CI 100T–1000T) · fully used 2026–2032 (80% CI) if trends continue
2026 · TODAYstart of the window
2028
2030
2032end of the window
HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
05 / 14 · 03:40
“…tails of the original content distribution disappear.”Shumailov, Shumaylov, Zhao, Papernot, Anderson, Gal · AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data · Nature 631 · July 2024
EARLY COLLAPSErare things vanish first
LATE COLLAPSEeverything narrows to one bland mode
HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
06 / 14 · 04:35

The smallest model in the world: a bell curve.

gen 0 · width 1.00
1 · DATA100 points
2 · FITcentre + width
3 · SAMPLE100 new points from the fit
4 · REPEATnext generation sees only these

amber = the rare tails, |x| > 2 · 4.55% of a true bell curve · 200 runs × 1,000 generations

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
07 / 14 · 05:35

The rare tails die first.

gen 0 · width 1.00gen 50 · width 0.60gen 100 · width 0.37gen 1000 · width 0.00
RARE TAIL · GEN 04.7%
GEN 500.37%
GEN 1000.00%

ILLUSTRATIVE · toy simulation · seed 2026 · not a real LLM · replace regime · medians of 200 runs

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
08 / 14 · 06:40

Words vanish like rare genes.

gen 03,172
gen 12,550
gen 101,076
gen 100220

Rarest half of the vocabulary: 1,586 → 36 survive. Same arithmetic as genetic drift (Wright–Fisher): a word that hits zero never returns.

ILLUSTRATIVE · synthetic Zipf corpus, 20,000 tokens · 20 runs · seed 2026

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
09 / 14 · 07:50 · RE-HOOK

But no lab throws human data away.

REPLACE0.00

width at gen 1,000 · 220 words at gen 100

KEEP 10% REAL0.93

width at gen 1,000 · 1,774 words

ACCUMULATE0.98

width at gen 1,000 · 3,172 words

ILLUSTRATIVE · toy simulation · seed 2026 · not a real LLM · idea: Gerstgrasser et al., 2024

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
10 / 14 · 08:55

The real risk: not a crash. A slow narrowing.

all words1,774 / 3,172
rarest half573 / 1,586

Keep 10% real data, generation 100. Who is the tail of the web? Low-resource languages, dialects, small cultures. (hypothesis — not measured here)

ILLUSTRATIVE · toy simulation · seed 2026 · not a real LLM

HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
11 / 14 · 10:00

Low-background steel: made before 1945. Human text: made before 2022?

1945+Atmospheric nuclear tests leave traces in new steel
SHIPWRECKSPre-war steel salvaged for sensitive radiation detectors
2022+Verified human data, provenance, real conversations become scarce — and valuable
HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
12 / 14 · 10:55 · CLAIM BOUNDARY
THIS SHOWSThe mechanism is real: in recursive training, rare things go first, then everything narrows. Keeping real data prevented the crash in our toys.
THIS DOES NOT SHOWThat any real model is collapsing. How big the effect is in real LLMs (we chose tiny samples on purpose). The 50%-of-the-web figure is a detector estimate.
HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
13 / 14 · 11:40 · ANSWER

Replace → collapse. Accumulate → survive.

gen 1000 · width 0.00gen 1000 · width 0.98
$ python3 artifact/collapse_lab.py --text your_text.txt FORECAST LEDGER · by 31 Dec 2028 no major lab officially attributes a released model's regression to model collapse · p = 0.80
HOMODYNE BENCHMARK LAB · GLOBAL / HMD-G01
14 / 14 · 12:35 · NEXT

Next: a lock everyone uses — and a key someone is building.

2019 ESTIMATE~20M

physical qubits to break RSA-2048

TODAY?

much lower — next episode